• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for setting the granulating knives relative to a perforated plate of a plastics granulator in which the knive movement is sensed by electric signal generators is provided with a hydraulic differential piston cylinder coupled to the knife shaft to displace the latter relative to the perforated plate and having large and small dia. pistons whose chambers are connected to a source of hydraulic fluid by a multi-way valve. Line leading from the valve to the small dia. piston is provided with a check-valve, and a line (a) interconnecting the large dia. piston with the valve is fitted with a throttle valve, whilst the lines are interconnected by a releasable check-valve. Releasable side is connected to the line (a) and a pair of presetable control valves are connected in a control line which is connectable to the line (a) by a pressure regulating valve to control the pressure in the differential piston cylinder. Knife wear is reduced with consequential reduction of down-time of granulator.
    公开号:SU921864A1
    申请号:SU787770113
    申请日:1978-02-28
    公开日:1982-04-23
    发明作者:Хайнц Вальтер；Вольфганг БРАНДТ
    申请人:Феб "Пласт-Унд Эластферарбайтунгсмашинен-Комбинат" (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the field of material processing, in particular to a device for installing knives at the extruder grate of a granulator for plastics.
    For granulation of thermoplastic plastics, granulation devices are used, in which plastic plastic is squeezed through the holes of the extruder grate in the form of rods and crushed into granules by rotating knives at the exit point.
    Since the quality of the granules depends ’on the accuracy of the cutting process, it is necessary to adjust a certain gap between the extruder grate and the knives with high accuracy and keep this gap throughout the granulation process constant.
    A device is known in which a knife shaft mounted in an axially rotatable bushing can be pressed against a resettable precision stop using a pressure link, the screw stop being made in the form of a gear with a differential screw. Due to this, it is possible to achieve an exact setting of the gap between the knives and the grill of the ext 5 ruder, which prevents the contact of the knives and the grill. Due to the constant pressing of the stop knives fixed on the axially moving shaft sleeve to the fixed mounted gear with a differential screw, the formation of play in its thread is completely eliminated and a high accuracy of setting the gap between the knives and the extruder grill is achieved.
    Since the granulation process is accompanied by the natural wear of the cutting edges of the knives, the set zero clearance increases to an ever greater extent, which negatively affects the quality of the granules.
    In order to prevent an increase in the gap between the knives and the grill of the extru3 921864 dera, the known device requires relatively frequent monitoring of the resulting wear of the knives and the corresponding adjustment of the gap, for which it is necessary to interrupt the granulation process. granulation, and therefore this known device is of little use for a fundamental solution to the problem of continuous aging eizmennogo gap between the blades and lattice extruder. It is also known that to improve the cutting process, the method of installing knives is practiced, consisting in the fact that the knives are brought to the grate until they come in direct contact with it and, vice versa. squinting, glide over it. In this case, the knives are pressed against the grill, the extruder with pressure, the value of which is difficult to control and which also, as a rule, does not change.
    As a result of the application of this method, on the one hand, although a high-quality cut granulate is obtained, but, on the other hand, due to the pressing of the knives, extremely strong wear of the knives and the extruder grill occurs, which goes beyond the limits acceptable from the point of view of economic operation. As a result of this, at certain intervals, the granulating device must be stopped to change the knives, and downtime in the granulation process and significant costs for spare knives, as well as for maintaining the device in good condition, occur.
    A device is known whose purpose is to automatically install and automatically maintain the position of the knives relative to the extruder grill using an electrical circuit.
    This device mainly contains knives elastically mounted on the shaft, means for supplying the knife shaft to the extruder grate, electrodes for detecting the contact of the knives with the extruder grate, a signal converter for generating electrical signal pulses when exposed to the electrodes, a sensing element for measuring the axial displacement of the knife shaft when receiving signal pulses from the signal converter and means for setting the desired position of the knives relative to the extruder grill, 5 the knife blade stops based on the data of the sensor when it detects the movement of the knife shaft by a predetermined path length.
    This device for automatic installation of knives requires large expenditures on equipment and, due to the complexity of technical means, is unsuitable for reliable operation during long-term operation in production.
    A device is also known for coarse and precise adjustment of the gap between the knife and the forming element of the gr20 nullifier.
    For rough movement of the cutting mechanism shaft, a hydraulic cylinder directly coupled to the shaft is used. Precise installation is carried out by means of a mounting screw sleeve that is mounted in the granulator housing and rotated with the help of the worm and the worm wheel, which moves the rotary shaft 30 of the cutting mechanism and limits its axial movement.
    However, to implement the movement of the cutting mechanism shaft, it is necessary to use two separate devices of 35 VA. The ability to control the installation of the gap is thereby complicated, especially when setting the zero gap, in which the knives are in sliding contact with the molding element 40 and pressed against it.
    The purpose of the invention is to reduce the difficulties of the technical implementation of the device for installing knives and improve granulation while providing 45 ni low wear of the knives and high reliability in operation, i.e. the creation of a device that provides the installation of the sliding contact of the knives with the grill of the extruder at a minimum pressure of 50 , automatically preserves this installation in the granulation process, regardless of the wear of the knives and allows you to set the gap between the knives and the grill 55 of the extruder.
    The objective is achieved using a hydraulic differential cylinder for moving back and im- 5 ed shaft granulator knives mounted in an axially displaceable sleeve neprovorachivayuscheysya. The differential cylinder, which has a kinematic connection with the knife shaft sleeve, is equipped with a piston loaded from both sides, the piston surface being loaded to move the knife shaft forward and thereby to install the knives at the extruder grate, larger than the piston surface which is loaded to move the knife shaft back .
    The differential cylinder is connected to the hydraulic system, which contains the first valve for controlling the flow of hydraulic oil to move the piston forward or backward and thereby the knives. In the section of the pipeline for loading a large surface of the piston of the differential cylinder parallel to the first hydraulic valve, a controlled safety valve is included, the control hydraulic line of which is connected with the second hydraulic valve. By means of a second control valve, a pre-control valve for controlling the pressure when the blade shaft moves forward or a pre-control valve for maintaining the minimum setting pressure of the blades on the extruder grate can optionally be turned on. To create the necessary equal pressure in both cylinder cavities when the blade shaft moves forward and to install the knives · both supply pipes to the cylinder cavities are connected by a transverse pipe to a controlled non-return valve. A non-return valve is included in the pipeline from the first valve to the cylinder cavity to load a small piston surface.
    Pressure control in the pipeline from the hydraulic pump to the first valve and in the pipe to the cylinder cavity for loading a large piston surface is carried out using a pressure gauge which can be connected via a pressure relief valve for the pressure gauge.
    To set the gap between the knives and the grill of the extruder, an appropriate emphasis is provided with an adjusting screw, which serves as a path-dependent restriction
    921864 6 axial movement of the shaft of the knives. To determine the contact of the knives with the grill of the extruder, there is a setting scale with marking of zero volume.
    The advantages of the device for installing knives near the extruder grate in a plastic granulator according to the invention in comparison with the known prior art devices consist in the simplicity of the device design and its reliability with low maintenance and maintenance costs.
    The device prevents excessive wear of the knives, as well as the extruder grate, and provides high-quality cutting during the granulation process, which helps to improve the quality of the granulate.
    The drawing shows a schematic hydraulic diagram of a device for installing knives 2 at the grate of an extruder 1 of a granulator for plastics.
    To ensure axial movement of the shaft of the knives 3, the latter is in kinematic connection with the differential cylinder 6 having a piston loaded from both sides, the surface 7 of which, loaded for forward movement, is larger than the surface 8, loaded for reverse movement. The differential cylinder 6 is connected to a hydraulic system, which, in an appropriate design, combines a hydraulic pump 9, a connection valve 12, a control valve 14, a check valve 16, an adjustable check valve 18, a throttling valve 20, a controlled safety valve 21, a control valve 23 and valves 24 and 25 preliminary management.
    To control the pressure created by the hydraulic pump 9 on the pipeline 9, a pressure gauge 11 is connected to the connecting valve 12 through the shut-off valve 10. The oil pressure in the discharge pipe 13 and pipe 19 can be controlled using a pressure gauge 18 by switching the safety valve 27
    The device operates as follows.
    To move the shaft of the knives 3 backward, the control valve 14 switches to position II. The hydraulic oil enters through pipeline 15 and through the return
    921864 &
    the valve 16 into the differential cylinder 6 and loads the surface of the piston 8. The piston moves to the right, if you are guided by the figure, and displaces the hydraulic oil located in front of the surface 5 of the piston 7 from the cylinder cavity, which flows through the pipe 19 and through the valve 14 into the drain pipe 26.
    The shaft of knives 3 is in the initial position of the stopped granulator.
    To move the blade shaft 3 forward, the control valve 14 switches to position I. The hydraulic oil enters through the pipeline 19 and through the throttling valve 15 to the differential cylinder 6 and loads the piston surface 7 in parallel with this, the check valve 18 opens, so that in the cylinder cavities 20 in front of the surfaces piston 7 and 8 sets the same pressure.
    Due to the fact that the surface of the piston 7 is larger than the surface of the piston 8, 25 and thereby is under the influence of a greater force, the piston moves to the left. The oil in the cylinder space in front of the surface 8 is displaced and flows through LP-ny transverse conduit 17 and through a controlled non-return valve 18 into the conduit 19. Because of the equality of pressures in the cavities of the cylinder 6 and the various surfaces of the piston 7 and 8 is generated 35 non great effort to moving the shaft of the knives 3 forward. The translational speed is selected by regulating the throttling valve 20 in the pipeline 19. A controllable safety valve 21 is connected to the pipe 19 through the hydraulic distributor 23 through the control hydraulic line 22 ·. The control valve 23 is in position 45 of II and forms a connection with the pre-control valve 25. Due to the pre-determined installation of the preliminary control valve 25 and its effect on the safety valve 21, the pressure in the hydraulic system is so high that a small force is created to move the knife shaft 3- The translational movement of the knife shaft 3 ends when the knives 2 touch the extruder grate and is marked by an increase in pressure in the hydraulic system according to the manometer 28. The fit of the knives 2 to the grill of the extruder 1 is marked on the installation scale 5 as the zero position. Based on this, the valve 23 is switched to position I and the safety valve 21 is connected to the preliminary control valve 24, which is adjusted to a lower pressure to maintain the installation of the knives. The described installation of knives 2 near the grill of the extruder 1 is carried out with the granulator stopped.
    Upon completion of the installation process, the granulator and extruder are started. Due to the plastic squeezed out through the grating of the extruder 1 and the cutting process in the granulator, pressing forces begin to act on the knives, which move the shaft of the knives 3 back. To restore the initial position of the shaft of the knives 3, corresponding to the zero point on the setting scale 5, it is necessary to compensate for the pressing forces, which is done by the corresponding regulation of the preliminary control valve 24 to increase the pressure in the hydraulic system. The increase in pressure compensates for the pressing forces acting on the shaft of the knives 3 and returns them in the forward direction to the initial position, so that the knives 2 slide on the grating of the extruder 1 with a minimum pressure, which is maintained automatically during the granulation process, regardless of the wear of the knives.
    It is also possible to fix the shaft of the knives 3 in the predetermined position of the knives 2 at the extruder grill using a screw stop 4, and the pressure of the knives 2 also remains minimal. It is also possible to set a certain clearance between the knives 2 and the grill of the extruder 1 using a screw stop 4.
    To divert oil leakage, a differential cylinder 6, an adjustable non-return valve 18, and control valves 14 and 23 are connected to a pipe 29 leading to the hydraulic pump oil tank 9 ·
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. A device for mounting knives of a granulator for plastics with an axially movable blade shaft and a differential cylinder serving for the translational movement of the blade shaft, characterized in that a dual differential hydraulic cylinder with a large piston surface and a small piston surface and with a hydraulic distributor couples the blade shaft connected to the hydraulic charger, and in the pipeline leading from the valve to the cylinder cavity, in front of the piston surface is jya, with a check valve, and in the pipeline leading from the hydraulic distributor to the cylinder cavity, there is a throttling valve in front of the surface of the piston and between pipelines there is a pepper pipe 17 with a controlled non-return valve, with a non-return valve opening into the pipeline. and adjustable pre-control valves by means of a hydraulic limiter 92 may be included in the control line of a controllable safety valve included in the pipeline for regulating the pressure in the hydraulic system of the differential cylinder.
    [2]
    2. Device pop. 1, distinguishing it in that a pressure gauge can be connected to control the pressure in the pipelines by means of a pressure relief valve for a pressure gauge. ij. -7 y-tpoystvo software nn. 1 and 2, about. There is an installation scale for the 3-,, o for the radia- tion of the mouth and the MCpCrlKin - - - extruder. A Device on PP. 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a screw stop is provided for setting the gap between the blades and the extruder grid. GtdL P
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE2759111A1|1978-10-12|
    DD138865A3|1979-11-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3820980C2|1988-06-22|1996-08-01|Buehler Ag Geb|Device for adjusting the cutter head of a granulating device|
    IT1232793B|1989-09-19|1992-03-05|Pomini Farrel Spa|METHOD FOR MAINTAINING A CONSTANT AND PREDETINATED CONTACT PRESSURE ON CUTTING ELEMENTS UNDER WATER IN GRANULATORY MACHINES AND RELATED MACHINE WITH CONTROL DEVICE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THAT PRESSURE.|
    JPH0720618B2|1990-05-22|1995-03-08|株式会社日本製鋼所|Granulating method and apparatus for plastics|
    DE102014200438A1|2014-01-13|2015-07-16|Gneuss Gmbh|Device for granulating plastics|
    WO2020212676A1|2019-04-18|2020-10-22|Baker Perkins Limited|Extruder cutter assembly comprising a spacer arranged to extend forwardly of the blades|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DD77198002A|DD138865A3|1977-03-23|1977-03-23|DEVICE FOR HOLLOWING THE GRANULATING KNIVES OF A PLASTIC GRANULATOR|
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